Minimize the time spent freeing bolts during plant shutdown.Upgrading the material specification/grades of bolts.There are many reasons for hot bolting such as The removal of flange bolts on the live line and equipment that means when the plant is running is known as hot bolting. The list of symbols is given in the ASTM standard.
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Instead of full material description material symbol is used as shown above. Only the Manufacturer’s identification mark and Material Grade / Class are marked. Marking to be done on the nut’s non-load bearing face. Material Standard ASTM A194 and A563 specify marking requirements for nuts. In the case of hex head bolt, both the symbols are marked on the bolt head. Check the image below ASTM A193 Gr B7M just marked as B7 at one end and Manufacturer’s identification mark on other ends. Common coatings areĪSTM standard gives the list of marking symbols for various material grades. Sometimes Bolting components are coated with different coating materials to improve its corrosion resistance.
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If not specified washer can be manufactured from any compatible grade material Buy ABN Axle & Front Wheel Hub Puller - Flange Type Tool 3-3/4 to 4-1/2 Inches Power Steering Pulley Remover Hub Grappler: Hub Assemblies - FREE DELIVERY.The common material grade used for washer manufacturing are Most widely used material grades are ASTM A194 Gr 2,2H,2HM,8,8M.ASTM A194 standard lists the compatible material grades for nuts that used with stud & bolt.Nuts may be machined from the same material as a stud or maybe of a compatible grade of ASTM A194 Angle Grinder GWS8-45-RT Certified Refurbished. Out of these grades, the most popular material grades are ASTM A193 Gr B7 & B7M. 48 product ratings - Milwaukee 2784-20 M18 FUEL 1/4' Die Grinder (Tool Only) 204.75. For special application, ASTM A540 Gr B21 to B24 are used.Alloy steel quenched and tempered studs and bolts material grades are ASTM A354 Gr BC, BD.Low-temperature services ASTM A320 Gr L7, L7A, L7B are used.High temperature and pressure services ASTM A193 Gr B7, B7M, B5, B8 are used.
ASME B18.2.1 for Square and Hex Bolts and Screwsīolting material can be divided into three groupĪ list of ASTM Material grades used for manufacturing stud is given in ASME B16.5, which is the Standard for the flanges.
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Various ASME standards are used for stud bolts and nuts to manufacturing bolting material.
Pipe Fittings Inspection – Visual & Testings.